Today, there has been a rapid growth in the application and installation of renewable energy sources globally,and biogas is no exception. Biogas is mainly produced in anaerobic conditions by fermenting organic wastes. To make it ready for use as a clean fuel, it needs to go through a rigorous cleaning and upgradation process. This increases the calorific value of the biogas. In this process, undesirable gases like carbon dioxide, sulfur, hydrogen sulfide, and moisture are removed. The Pressure Swing Adsorption or PSA is the most common procedure for purifying biogas. A typical biogas upgradation system comprises of 2vessels in a series. These vesselsare filled with certain adsorbent materials that are capable of filtering out CO2, N2, O2, and moisture from the input biogas.
ABCs of the process Most of the biogas companies in India use the PSA systems for upgradation in which each of the vessels function in an alternating cycle – pressure build up, adsorption, exhaust & regeneration. When crude biogas enters one of the 2vessels, all the impurities are adsorbed on to the surface of the adsorptionmedia filled in each of the vessels. The resultant gas collected from the top of the adsorption vessel thus contains more than 97% pure CH4 or methane gas. Steps that are followed in a PSA system Most of the renowned biogas companies in India follow the same PSA system for biogas upgradation. The pressure build-up that is required is achieved by equilibrating pressure fromthe exhausted vessel that is now depressurizing. The final pressure is achieved by injecting crude biogas into the biogas upgradation system. The adsorbent media that is commonly used in the purification vessels is zeolites or crystalline polymers. The adsorption of the target gas is usually done at high or medium pressure as per the standard of purified biogas that is required. If you are planning to install a biogas purification plant, you should start looking for a certified company. The biogas upgradation systems by your chosen company should be well reviewed and acclaimed for its efficiency.
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